Knowing Your Rights Regarding Lawful and Unlawful Arrest

Over the years, Dan has fielded questions like this:

“Is R/O a felony, or misdemeanor offense?”

“Will I go to jail or prison for R/O?”

“Can I resist an unlawful arrest?”

“How can I prove my innocence (or show that police acted improperly) if it’s my word vs. theirs?”

R/O is a felony by definition, carrying with it up to two years in prison for a “traditional” violation, and many more years if the officer is injured or killed.  Also, this time can be imposed consecutively to any other sentence, meaning those two years can “stack up” on another sentence.  So, if a person is convicted of, say, a felony OWI and R/O, he might serve consecutive sentences for each offense.  And, prosecutors are often particularly tough on R/O cases, wanting to “protect” the officers with whom they work every day.  Judges are no different.  However, sometimes prosecutors charge R/O as an “Attempt,” meaning it becomes a 1-year maximum misdemeanor offense.  Still, consecutive sentences can apply, and still judges/prosecutors treat the attempt charge aggressively. 

Michigan law does allow a person to lawfully resist an unlawful arrest.  Also, the prosecution must show that the officer was within his/her lawful duty at the time of the encounter, and that the defendant knew or should have known that it was police.  This can be a common defense when undercover officers make an arrest.  Lastly, the prosecutor must show that the arrestee did something affirmative---resisted, obstructed etc.—more than just words or questioning.  

Interested in more information? Check out our resource on R/O charges at our website!